'What is this ghass phoos? It is not natural  for human beings.’ I have heard this comment so often...usually followed by  some nonsensical argument which substitutes loudness for logic. There is a  contention that men are men only if they eat meat. Here is a rational argument  for you next time you meet one of these sorts—provided you can make yourself  heard above their shouting.  
           Machines  that have similar functions have similar mechanical components. Machines that  have similar mechanical components usually use similar fuels to provide energy  . Obviously, each machine works best on the right fuel. If the wrong fuel goes  in, some machines break down immediately. Others take some time and break down  gradually. Yet others break down, but don’t show it until a final cataclysmic  collapse.  
           If  the body is a machine , what fuel does the human body use? Which machine is the  human body closest to? Is the human body the same as that of any meat eater in  nature? Here are some interesting physiological comparisons : 
            
          
            
              Carnivores 
                     
                Have claws  
                No skin pores,    perspire through tongue  
                Sharp front    teeth for tearing, no flat molars for grinding  
                Intestinal tract    three times body length, so decaying meat can pass out rapidly  
                Strong    hydrochloric acid in stomach to digest meat   | 
              Herbivores 
                     
                No claws  
                Perspires    through skin pores  
                No sharp front    teeth, have flat rear molars  
                   
                Intestinal tract    10 to 12 times body length  
                   
                Stomach acid 20    times weaker than in meat eaters   | 
              Man 
                     
                No claws  
                Perspires    through skin pores  
                No sharp front    teeth, has flat rear molars  
                   
                Intestinal tract    12 times body length  
                   
                Stomach acid 20    times weaker than in meat eaters  
                    | 
             
           
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          Does  this chart mean that the human cannot  eat meat? Of course not. But it does clearly indicate that we are far less like  evolved as true carnivores than we are herbivores.  
           The  illiterate use the catch word ‘omnivore’ to explain their meat eating. It s a  meaningless word.  Both carnivores and herbivores can eat meat.  Squirrels can eat meat, chimpanzees can eat meat, humans can eat meat—in fact,  even cows can eat meat!  Indeed, cows and pigs are fed meat by meat  producing factory farms! (Remember Mad Cow disease? That’s what happened as a  result.) Both carnivores and herbivores can eat plants. Cats and dogs in  the wild first eat the vegetable stomach contents of their herbivorous prey.  Dogs which are supposed to be carnivores eat a great amount of grass and  vegetable protein. Dogs, humans, squirrels or even cows can digest both animal  or plant protein. The term ‘omnivore’ is not a scientific category but is used  merely to indicate what an animal usually eats.  We may be wrongly  classified as omnivores because of our species’ food practices but that doesn’t  take into account what we might be physically  best evolved to eat.  
           All  primates have evolved to be fruitarians or herbivores. Yes, we can eat meat, as  do chimpanzees in the wild, but this is actually not a common occurrence for  them and meat does not constitute a necessary or significant component of their  diet. That humans can eat meat doesn’t mean that they must eat meat, nor that  they are equally evolved or physiologically as well adapted to subsist  healthily on meat as compared to a plant food diet.  ‘True carnivores’  like dogs, for instance, can live normal lives on a vegetarian diet, but this  does not make them herbivores. Similarly, we are still biologically vegetarian  creatures  according to the evidence of physiological constitution,  evolutionary history and the facts suggesting that our health fares best on a  vegetarian diet. 
          
            
            
            
            
             
             
             
          Anthropological  evidence shows we have evolved from frugivorous apes. Of course, like chimps,  we can eat meat and insects, but such foods provide a mere two per cent of  their calories. We have chosen, for reasons that are no longer necessary or  essential, to consume 40 to 50 per cent of our calories from slaughtered  animals or animal products. Yet in the wild, our bodies, were best equipped not  to catch prey but to forage for fruits, roots and insects. Just because we can  eat meat doesn’t mean that we are as capable as evolved carnivores in being  healthy on a largely meat diet.  Cats can be fed diets up to 60 per cent  meat with no apparent threat to their cardiovascular health. Humans  can’t.   
           Clearly,  the anatomy of the human digestive system is engineered to digest plant-based  foodstuffs high in fibre and complex carbohydrates and only small amounts of  protein. Constipation and indigestion are less of a problem when people’s diets  are free of meat. The balance of the key metallic elements, sodium and  potassium that we need goes completely wild when we eat animal flesh. The  sodium increase gives high blood pressure which is rare in vegetarians. The  amounts and chemical kinds of fats in animals (cholesterol and triglycerides)  are very different from those found in plants.  No cholesterol is found in  plant foods. The unnecessary amounts of protein consumption from meat makes  for excess protein that causes kidney damage .  
           The  best way to judge whether the human body is vegetarian or not is to check what  happens to it after eating meat. Here is a report of the National Cancer  Institute: ‘Observable Signs of Metabolic Stress after a Meal of Animal Flesh’.  These include: a) white blood cell count increases causing esinophilia; b) red  blood cells become more ‘sticky’ and ‘sludge’ in small blood vessels; and c)  levels of hormones (cortisol), estrogen, prolactin increase. To summarize the  argument: the flesh we consume does not appear to be anywhere near the kind of  diet we have evolved to flourish on as shown by the immediate body reactions  to meat.  
           So  meat is actually an inferior ‘fuel’ for the human machine since it generates  many acidic waste products when metabolized. A high carbohydrate, low fat diet  enables athletes to be stronger and have more physical endurance.  
           Trust  your own body’s reaction. People frequently report an increase in energy  levels and waking activity after switching from a fatty meat diet to a  vegetarian or vegan diet. Fatty foods, particularly a heavy meat diet, makes  one sluggish and tired. After eating a meal of animal fats, there are distinct  biological reactions that cause a kind of metabolic stress. These hormonal  changes could, possibly, account for a change in our energy level as prolactin  and estrogen are known to affect one’s overall activity rhythms. It is common  to hear meat eaters complain of a constant mild tiredness, a tiredness that  people may simply assume is ‘normal’ but which could be a general symptom of  any number of nutrition-related problems (e.g. hypoglycemia, deficiency in  magnesium, vitamin B-complex, folic acid, pyriodoxine, vitamin C or lactose  intolerance etc.).  
           Yes,  we can eat meat, but not without huge costs. The scientific evidence is pretty  clear that the best diet for human beings in terms of health and longevity is  vegetarian.  
          
            
           
           
           
          
          
          
          
          
          
            
            
            
          To join the animal welfare movement contact gandhim@nic.in  
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